《痕量金属的环境行为:区域与城市污染(英文版)》是“十三五”国家重点图书出版规划项目“能源与环境出版工程”之一,是作者在痕量金属污染领域多年研究成果的积累,选取主要与背景因素有关的区域性痕量金属污染案例和主要由人类活动引起的城市痕量金属污染案例为对象,从地球化学角度对其污染的成因过程、制约因素、演化趋势和污染物行为特征进行系统分析论证,以探索和归纳痕量金属污染行为的一般性规律。
《痕量金属的环境行为:区域与城市污染(英文版)》可供高校环境专业师生、相关研究人员及工程技术人员参考。
能源是经济社会发展的基础,同时也是影响经济社会发展的主要因素。为了满足经济社会发展的需要,进入21世纪以来,短短10余年间(2002-2017年),全世界一次能源总消费从96亿吨油当量增加到135亿吨油当量,能源资源供需矛盾和生态环境恶化问题日益突显,世界能源版图也发生了重大变化。
在此期间,改革开放政策的实施极大地解放了我国的社会生产力,我国国内生产总值从10万亿元人民币猛增到82万亿元人民币,一跃成为仅次于美国的世界第二大经济体,经济社会发展取得了举世瞩目的成绩!
为了支持经济社会的高速发展,我国能源生产和消费也有惊人的进步和变化,此期间全世界一次能源的消费增量38.3亿吨油当量中竟有51.3%发生在中国!经济发展面临着能源供应和环境保护的双重巨大压力。
目前,为了人类社会的可持续发展,世界能源发展已进入新一轮战略调整期,发达国家和新兴国家纷纷制定能源发展战略。战略重点在于:提高化石能源开采和利用率;大力开发可再生能源;最大限度地减少有害物质和温室气体排放,从而实现能源生产和消费的高效、低碳、清洁发展。对高速发展中的我国而言,能源问题的求解直接关系到现代化建设进程,能源已成为中国可持续发展的关键!因此,我们更有必要以加快转变能源发展方式为主线,以增强自主创新能力为着力点,深化能源体制改革、完善能源市场、加强能源科技的研发,努力建设绿色、低碳、高效、安全的能源大系统。
在国家重视和政策激励之下,我国能源领域的新概念、新技术、新成果不断涌现;上海交通大学出版社出版的江泽民学长的著作《中国能源问题研究》(2008年)更是从战略的高度为我国指出了能源可持续的健康发展之路。为了“对接国家能源可持续发展战略,构建适应世界能源科学技术发展趋势的能源科研交流平台”,我们策划、组织编写了这套“能源与环境出版工程”丛书,其目的在于:
一是系统总结几十年来机械动力中能源利用和环境保护的新技术和新成果;
二是引进、翻译一些关于“能源与环境”研究领域前沿的书籍,为我国能源与环境领域的技术攻关提供智力参考;
三是优化能源与环境专业教材,为高水平技术人员的培养提供一套系统、全面的教科书或教学参考书,满足人才培养对教材的迫切需求;
四是构建一个适应世界能源科学技术发展趋势的能源科研交流平台。
该学术丛书以能源和环境的关系为主线,重点围绕机械过程中的能源转换和利用过程以及这些过程中产生的环境污染治理问题,主要涵盖能源与动力、生物质能、燃料电池、太阳能、风能、智能电网、能源材料、能源经济、大气污染与气候变化等专业方向,汇集能源与环境领域的关键性技术和成果,注重理论与实践的结合,注重经典性与前瞻性的结合。图书分为译著、专著、教材和工具书等几个模块,其内容包括能源与环境领域的专家最先进的理论方法和技术成果,也包括能源与环境工程一线的理论和实践。如忻建华、钟芳源撰写的《燃气轮机设计基础》是经典性与前瞻性相统一的工程力作;黄震等撰写的《机动车可吸入颗粒物排放与城市大气污染》和王如竹等撰写的《绿色建筑能源系统》是依托国家重大科研项目的新成果和新技术。
为确保这套“能源与环境出版工程”丛书具有高品质和重大的社会价值,出版社邀请了杜祥琬院士、黄震教授、王如竹教授等专家,组建了学术指导委员会和编委会,并召开了多次编撰研讨会,商谈丛书框架,精选书目,落实作者。
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 The Trace Metals and the Study History
1.2 The Objects of This Work
1.2.1 The Regional Trace Metal Behavior and Pollution Research Case
1.2.2 The Metropolis Trace Metal Behavior and Pollution Research Cases
1.3 The Methods of This Work
1.3.1 Sample
1.3.2 Analysis and Test of Composition
1.3.3 Simulation Experiments on Desorption and Sorption
of Trace Metals from or on the Medium
1.3.4 The Speciation Analysis Experiment of Trace Metals
1.3.5 Analysis and Testing Precision and Quality Index
References
Chapter 2 The Regional Pollution of Trace Metals——The Hetao Area China
2.1 The Geochemical Setting of the Study Area
2.2 The Distribution of Trace Metals in the Soil
2.2.1 The Distribution of Total Concentration of Trace Metals
2.2.2 The Distribution of Speciation of Trace Metals
2.3 The Distribution of Trace Metals in the Groundwater
2.3.1 The Distribution of Arsenic
2.3.2 The Distribution of Cu,Zn,Cd,Sb,and Pb
2.4 The Distribution of Trace Metals in the Resident Hair of the Area
2.4.1 The Progress of the Research on Trace Metals in Human Hair as an Environmental Indicator
2.4.2 The Distribution of Trace Metals in the Resident Hair of the Hetao Area
2.4.3 The Relationship Between the Trace Metals in the Resident Hair and that in the Water and Soil of the Hetao Area
2.5 Study on the Isotope Tracing for Trace Metals in the Soil and Groundwater
2.5.1 Samples
2.5.2 The Distribution of Pb and Sr Isotope in the Soil and Groundwater
2.5.3 The Discussion of the Pb and Sr Isotope in the Soil and Groundwater
2.6 Discussion on the Distribution, Environmental Impacts,and Evolution Trends for Trace Metals in Soil and Groundwater
2.6.1 The Correlation of the Concentration Distribution of Trace Metals Between Soil and Groundwater
2.6.2 The Difference and Correlation for the Distributions of Trace Metals Between the Soil and Groundwater
2.6.3 The Evolution and Factors of the Trace Metal Pollution in Study Area
References
Chapter 3 The Metropolis Pollution of Trace Metals——-Shanghai and Nanjing, China
3.1 The Pollution of the Trace Metals in Urban Rivers
3.1.1 The Pollution of Trace Metals and Organic Matter (PCBs) from the Suzhou Creek, Shanghai
3.1.2 The Pollution of Trace Metals and Organic Matter (PAHs) from the Huangpu River, Shanghai
3.1.3 The Trace Metal Pollution in the Nanjing Section of the Yangtze River
3.2 The Pollution of the Trace Metals in Urban Lake, Shanghai
3.2.1 The Distribution, Pollution, Spatial, and Temporal
Changes of the Trace Metals of the Dianshan Lake
3.2.2 The Coupling Relationship of Levels of Trace Metals, N,P,C,and Pesticides in the Dianshan Lake
3.2.3 The Implication from the Coupling Features of the Trace Metals, N, P, C, and Pesticides in the Sediment of the Dianshan Lake
References
Chapter 4 The Experimental Research on the Behaviors of Trace Metals
4.1 The Objectives, Research Idea, and the Approach Design for the Experiments
4.1.1 The Objectives of the Research
4.1.2 The Approach Design for the Experiments
4.2 The Simulated Experiments on the Desorption and Adsorption Behaviors of the Trace Metals in the Soil
4.2.1 The Simulated Experiments on the Desorption and
Adsorption Behaviors of Trace Metals in the Regional Pollution Soil
4.2.2 Discussion on the Facts Revealed by the Experiments
4.3 The Simulated Experiments on the Release Mechanism of Trace
Metals to Environment from Natural Substances Rock or(Mineral)
4.3.1 The Simulated Experiment on the Trace Metal
Desorption from Particles (Rock, Mineral) at the Earth Surface Conditions
4.3.2 Results and Discussion
References
Chapter 5 Probing into the Speciation of Trace Metals and Research Methods
5.1 The Significance and Developing Trends of the Research on Trace Metal Speciation
5.1.1 The Concept of the Trace Metal Speciation
5.1.2 The Trace Metal Speciation Analysis Methods and
Mechanisms
5.1.3 The Questions in Speciation Analysis of Trace Metals
5.2 The Pertinence on the Analysis Procedures of the Speciation Analysis for Trace Metals
5.2.1 The Speciation Analysis for the Trace Metals Dissolved in Water and Contained in Particulates
5.2.2 The Speciation Analysis for the Trace Metals in the Soil
5.2.3 The Method for Speciation Analysis of Trace Metals Used in This Work
5.3 Suggestions and Improving on the Trace Metal Speciation
Analysis Procedures, the Method of Three-Step Speciation
Analysis
5.3.1 The Meaning of the Method of Three-Step Speciation
Analysis (Three-Step Procedure)
5.3.2 The Proposal of the Three-Step Procedure
5.3.3 The Comparison Experiments Between the Results
Obtained Respectively from the Mainstream and the Three-Step Procedure Analysis Methods
5.3.4 The Significance and Application of the Three-Step Procedure Method on Trace Metal Speciation
Analysis
References
Chapter 6 Main Conclusions and Perspectives on the Work
6.1 The Environmental Behaviors and Pollution of the Trace Metals
in Area Pollution
6.1.1 The Case Studies of Trace Metals and Pollution in Soil
and Groundwater
6.1.2 Formation Mechanism of Regional Trace Metal Pollution
and Its Behavior in Related Media
6.2 The Environmental Behaviors and Pollution of the Trace Metals
in the Modem Metropolises
6.2.1 The Behavior and Pollution of Trace Metals in Urban
Rivers
6.2.2 The Behavior and Pollution of Trace Metals,in Urban
Lakes
6.3 Some Significant Behaviors and Relative Features of Trace
Metals in Environment
6.3.1 Major Differences and Relations Between Natural Trace
Metal Pollution and Artificial Trace Metal Pollution
6.3.2 The Simulation Experiments on the Mechanism of Trace
Metal Behavior and Pollution
6.4 The Probing and Improving on the Research Methods for the
Trace Metals in Environments
6.5 The Perspectives on This Study
References