本书针对电力电子变换器设计的实际问题，介绍了变换器的一般设计流程、典型功能电路原理与主要元器件特性，阐述了变换器中理想与实际的差异及非理想因素产生的影响；介绍了印制电路板的一般设计流程与方法，阐述了变换器优化设计的一般方法及典型实例；最后介绍了变换器调试排故的一般方法及典型案例分析。

秦海鸿，南京航空航天大学自动化学院副教授，长期从事航空航天、军事装备用电源系统及电机驱动系统，以及第三代半导体器件应用研究与开发工作，近年来参与及承担国家自然科学基金重点项目、教育部博士点基金、宽禁带电力电子器件国家重点实验室开放基金、台达科教基金重点项目、航空单位及相关企业合作项目等多项课题研究任务。发表学术论文80余篇，授权发明专利12项，出版专著及教材《多电飞机的电气系统》、《碳化硅电力电子器件原理与应用》、《氮化镓电力电子器件原理与应用》、《混合励磁电机的结构与原理》、《电机设计及实例》。江苏省电子学会电源专业委员会秘书长、中国电源学会高级会员、以及IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,《中国电机工程学报》、《南京航空航天大学学报》、《电源学报》等期刊的审稿专家。

第 1 章 电力电子变换器的一般设计流程 ·······························································.1
1.1 电力电子变换器的一般设计流程····································································.1
1.2 电力电子变换器的技术指标和分析·································································.4
1.2.1 电力电子变换器的技术指标································································.4
1.2.2 技术指标分析 ·················································································.8
1.3 总体方案论证····························································································.8
1.4 具体电路设计····························································································10
1.5 电路仿真 ································································································.11
1.6 电磁兼容设计····························································································13
1.6.1 电磁兼容概念 ·················································································13
1.6.2 常用的抑制电磁干扰的措施································································14
1.6.3 电磁兼容测试 ·················································································16
1.7 PCB 及结构设计 ························································································16
1.8 建立试验平台····························································································17
1.9 前期调试 ·································································································18
1.10 优化设计································································································19
1.11 后期整机调试 ··························································································20
1.12 生产准备································································································21
1.13 小结······································································································21
思考题和习题··································································································22
第 2 章 电力电子变换器的功能电路、元器件与理想原理分析···································.23
2.1 电力电子变换器的功能电路··········································································23
2.1.1 不隔离式 DC/DC 变换器····································································25
2.1.2 隔离式 DC/DC 变换器·······································································31
2.2 电力电子变换器的典型元器件·······································································35
2.2.1 主功率电路的元器件·········································································35
2.2.2 控制芯片 ·······················································································37
2.2.3 常用逻辑芯片 ·················································································38
2.2.4 电流检测元件 ·················································································48
2.2.5 温度检测元件 ·················································································52
2.3 电力电子变换器的稳态原理分析····································································55
2.3.1 电感和电容的理想特性分析································································55
2.3.2 功率电路稳态原理分析······································································59
2.3.3 稳态闭环分析 ·················································································74
2.4 小结 ·······································································································81
思考题和习题··································································································81
第 3 章 电力电子变换器中的实际问题 ·································································.83
3.1 实验波形与理想原理分析不同所引发的思考·····················································83
3.1.1 驱动电路典型波形············································································83
3.1.2 双脉冲测试电路中功率开关管典型开关特性波形·····································84
3.1.3 反激变换器典型波形·········································································85
3.2 理想与实际的差异······················································································87
3.2.1 理想与实际功率器件的差异································································87
3.2.2 理想与实际电抗元件的差异·····························································.100
3.2.3 理想与实际 PCB 的差异 ·································································.106
3.2.4 理想与实际功率电路的差异·····························································.107
3.2.5 理想与实际的差异分析···································································.110
3.3 损耗与散热 ···························································································.116
3.3.1 电力电子变换器损耗的组成·····························································.116
3.3.2 电力电子变换器中常用元器件的损耗模型分析·····································.118
3.3.3 散热的必要性 ··············································································.125
3.3.4 常用散热方法 ··············································································.126
3.3.5 功率器件的散热和安装方法·····························································.127
3.4 应力降额 ······························································································.141
3.4.1 应力系数、设计裕量及安全裕量之间的关系········································.142
3.4.2 工作环境 ····················································································.142
3.4.3 典型元器件的额定值和应力系数·······················································.143
3.4.4 机械应力 ····················································································.148
3.5 电磁干扰 ······························································································.149
3.5.1 EMC 设计方法 ·············································································.149
3.5.2 电磁干扰形成的三要素···································································.150
3.5.3 电磁干扰源的特性·········································································.152
3.5.4 电磁干扰传播特性·········································································.153
3.5.5 EMC 设计要点 ·············································································.157
3.6 可靠性与寿命·························································································.160
3.6.1 平均无故障时间············································································.160
3.6.2 保修成本 ····················································································.162
3.6.3 寿命期望和失效标准······································································.163
3.6.4 验证可靠性测试············································································.164
3.6.5 加速寿命试验 ··············································································.165
3.7 小结 ····································································································.166
思考题和习题·······························································································.166
第 4 章 印制电路板的一般设计方法 ····································································167
4.1 PCB 简介及设计基础 ···············································································.167
4.1.1 PCB 及互连 ·················································································.167
4.1.2 PCB 设计基础 ··············································································.172
4.2 PCB 的一般设计流程与方法 ······································································.179
4.3 PCB 设计规范 ························································································.184
4.3.1 PCB 工程设计的基本原则 ·······························································.184
4.3.2 PCB 设计的工艺要求 ·····································································.185
4.3.3 回路相关设计注意事项···································································.191
4.3.4 焊盘设计 ····················································································.193
4.3.5 PCB 标注要求 ··············································································.196
4.4 PCB 的热设计 ························································································.197
4.4.1 PCB 热传导特性 ···········································································.198
4.4.2 PCB 敷铜准则 ··············································································.198
4.4.3 热过孔及其设计注意点···································································.199
4.4.4 GaN 器件散热实例 ········································································.201
4.5 小结 ····································································································.203
思考题和习题·······························································································.204
第 5 章 电力电子变换器的参数优化设计 ······························································205
5.1 电力电子变换器参数的传统设计方法···························································.205
5.1.1 传统设计方法介绍·········································································.205
5.1.2 传统设计方法的缺陷······································································.205
5.2 电力电子变换器参数的优化设计思想及过程··················································.207
5.2.1 优化设计思想 ··············································································.207
5.2.2 优化设计过程 ··············································································.207
5.3 电力电子变换器参数优化设计实例分析························································.208
5.3.1 数学模型的建立············································································.209
5.3.2 数学模型的改进············································································.211
5.3.3 优化设计结果与分析······································································.221
5.4 小结 ····································································································.226
思考题和习题·······························································································.226
第 6 章 电力电子变换器的一般调试与排故方法 ·····················································227
6.1 电力电子变换器调试的基本问题·································································.227
6.1.1 调试的定义 ·················································································.227
6.1.2 调试的分类 ·················································································.227
6.1.3 调试的目的 ·················································································.229
6.1.4 调试前应做的准备工作···································································.229
6.1.5 调试的一般要求············································································.231
6.1.6 调试的一般步骤············································································.232
6.1.7 常见故障及产生原因······································································.235
6.1.8 调试中所遇故障的一般检测方法·······················································.236
6.2 典型电力电子变换器的调试过程·································································.244
6.2.1 反激变换器 ·················································································.245
6.2.2 三相 PMSM 电机驱动 ····································································.248
6.3 典型电力电子变换器调试与排故实例分析·····················································.248
6.3.1 GaN 基桥臂双脉冲电路调试排故实例分析 ··········································.248
6.3.2 三管 Buck-Boost 电路调试与排故分析················································.255
6.3.3 交错并联 Boost 变换器调试排故实例分析 ···········································.263
6.4 小结 ····································································································.267
思考题和习题·······························································································.268
参考文献 ········································································································269