如何让读者在短时间内掌握C语言程序设计的方法，是编者编写本书的目的。本书包括10 章：第 1～3 章介绍C 语言的基础知识及基本程序结构；第4～6 章着重介绍数组、指针和函数的相关内容；第7 章简要介绍编译预处理；第8 章介绍结构体和链表；第9 章介绍文件的相关内容；第10 章介绍实训项目。本书内容实用且通俗易读，体系合理，既可作为高等职业院校学生的C 语言课程的教材，也可作为培训机构的教材。

章晓勤，女，硕士，副教授，任职于安徽电子信息职业技术学院。多年来，一直从事计算机软件技术专业的教学工作，主讲多门计算机专业课程，编写多部计算机专业教材，其中获选“十二五”职业教育国家规划教材一部，参与并作为主要完成人的项目曾获国家教学成果二等奖。

第1 章 C 语言概述 ···························································································.1
1.1 C 语言产生的背景 ·················································································.1
1.2 C 语言的特点 ·······················································································.2
1.3 C 语言程序的结构 ·················································································.2
1.3.1 C 语言程序的基本单位 ···································································.2
1.3.2 C 语言函数的格式 ·········································································.2
1.3.3 关键字 ·······················································································.4
1.4 C 语言程序的集成开发环境 ·····································································.5
1.4.1 Dev-C++的安装和使用 ···································································.5
1.4.2 Visual C++ 2010 的安装和使用 ·························································.9
实训1 认识C 语言程序 ········································································.16
本章小结 ··································································································.17
习题1 ······································································································.17
第2 章 数据类型、运算符与表达式 ·····································································.19
2.1 C 语言的数据类型 ················································································.19
2.2 常量与变量 ·························································································.20
2.2.1 直接常量和符号常量 ····································································.20
2.2.2 变量 ·························································································.22
2.2.3 常变量 ······················································································.22
2.3 整型数据 ····························································································.23
2.3.1 整型常量 ···················································································.23
2.3.2 整型变量 ···················································································.24
实训2 使用整型数据 ···········································································.27
2.4 实型数据 ····························································································.28
2.4.1 实型常量 ···················································································.28
2.4.2 实型变量 ···················································································.29
实训3 使用实型数据 ···········································································.30
2.5 字符型数据 ·························································································.31
2.5.1 字符常量 ···················································································.31
2.5.2 字符变量 ···················································································.32
2.5.3 字符串常量 ················································································.34
实训4 使用字符型数据 ········································································.35
2.6 算术运算符和算术表达式 ·······································································.36
2.7 赋值运算符和赋值表达式 ·······································································.38
2.8 关系运算符和关系表达式 ·······································································.43
2.9 逻辑运算符与逻辑表达式 ·······································································.44
2.10 逗号运算符和逗号表达式 ·····································································.46
2.11 位运算 ·····························································································.47
2.11.1 位逻辑运算符 ············································································.48
2.11.2 移位运算符 ···············································································.50
2.11.3 位赋值运算符 ············································································.50
2.11.4 不同长度的数据进行位运算 ··························································.51
实训5 使用运算符和表达式 ··································································.51
本章小结 ··································································································.54
习题2 ······································································································.54
第3 章 基本程序结构 ·······················································································.58
3.1 C 语言程序的3 种基本结构 ····································································.58
3.2 C 语言语句 ·························································································.59
3.2.1 C 语言语句的类型 ········································································.59
3.2.2 赋值语句 ···················································································.60
3.3 数据的输入/输出 ··················································································.61
3.3.1 字符输入/输出函数——putchar()函数和getchar()函数 ····························.61
3.3.2 格式输入/输出函数——printf()函数和scanf()函数 ································.63
实训6 使用输入/输出函数 ····································································.69
3.4 顺序结构的程序设计 ·············································································.72
3.5 选择结构的程序设计 ·············································································.73
3.5.1 if 语句 ·······················································································.73
3.5.2 switch 语句 ·················································································.78
实训7 if 语句和switch 语句的使用 ·························································.80
3.6 循环结构的程序设计 ·············································································.85
3.6.1 goto 语句 ···················································································.85
3.6.2 while 语句、do-while 语句和for 语句 ················································.86
3.6.3 循环语句的嵌套结构 ····································································.91
3.6.4 break 语句和continue 语句 ·····························································.93
实训8 while 语句、do-while 语句和for 语句的使用 ·····································.95
课程设计1 猜数字游戏 ············································································.103
本章小结 ································································································.105
习题3 ····································································································.105
第4 章 数组 ·································································································.111
4.1 一维数组 ··························································································.111
4.1.1 一维数组的定义、引用和初始化 ····················································.112
4.1.2 一维数组的应用 ········································································.116
实训9 一维数组的使用 ······································································.117
4.2 二维数组 ··························································································.121
4.2.1 二维数组的定义 ········································································.122
4.2.2 二维数组的引用 ········································································.122
4.2.3 二维数组的初始化 ·····································································.123
实训10 二维数组的使用 ·····································································.124
4.3 字符数组 ··························································································.128
4.3.1 字符数组的定义、引用和初始化 ····················································.128
4.3.2 字符串的输入/输出 ·····································································.129
4.3.3 字符串处理函数 ········································································.131
实训11 字符数组的使用 ·····································································.133
课程设计2 数组的增、删、改、查 ·····························································.134
本章小结 ································································································.136
习题4 ····································································································.137
第5 章 指针 ·································································································.143
5.1 指针和指针变量 ·················································································.143
5.1.1 变量的地址 ··············································································.143
5.1.2 变量的指针和指针变量································································.144
5.1.3 取地址运算符和指针运算符 ··························································.144
实训12 指针的初步应用 ·····································································.145
5.2 指针与数组 ·······················································································.146
5.2.1 指针与一维数组 ········································································.146
5.2.2 指针与二维数组 ········································································.149
5.2.3 指针数组和指向指针的指针 ··························································.151
5.2.4 指针数组作为main()函数的形参 ····················································.153
实训13 指针的应用 ···········································································.154
本章小结 ································································································.158
习题5 ····································································································.158
第6 章 函数 ·································································································.164
6.1 函数的定义 ·······················································································.164
实训14 建立和使用函数 ·····································································.166
6.2 函数的参数与返回值 ···········································································.168
6.2.1 形式参数与实际参数 ··································································.168
6.2.2 参数的值传递方式和地址传递方式 ·················································.169
实训15 参数的值传递方式和地址传递方式的应用 ····································.171
6.2.3 参数类型 ·················································································.172
实训16 函数参数传递的方式 ·······························································.174
6.2.4 函数的返回值 ···········································································.175
实训17 函数的返回值的应用 ·······························································.176
6.3 函数的调用 ·······················································································.178
6.3.1 调用函数的基本问题 ··································································.178
6.3.2 函数的嵌套调用 ········································································.180
6.3.3 函数的递归调用 ········································································.181
实训18 嵌套调用与递归调用的实现 ······················································.183
6.4 函数与指针 ·······················································································.185
6.4.1 返回指针值的函数 ·····································································.185
6.4.2 指向函数的指针 ········································································.186
6.5 变量作用域和存储类别 ········································································.188
6.5.1 局部变量 ·················································································.188
6.5.2 全局变量 ·················································································.189
6.5.3 变量的存储类别 ········································································.191
实训19 局部变量和全局变量的使用 ······················································.194
6.6 内部函数和外部函数 ···········································································.195
6.6.1 内部函数 ·················································································.195
6.6.2 外部函数 ·················································································.195
课程设计3 模拟自动取款机 ······································································.196
本章小结 ································································································.199
习题6 ····································································································.200
第7 章 编译预处理 ························································································.204
7.1 预处理命令概述 ·················································································.204
7.2 宏定义 ·····························································································.205
7.2.1 不带参数的宏定义 ·····································································.205
7.2.2 带参数的宏定义 ········································································.207
7.3 文件包含 ··························································································.210
7.4 条件编译 ··························································································.211
实训20 定义宏和使用宏 ·····································································.213
本章小结 ································································································.216
习题7 ····································································································.216
第8 章 结构体和链表 ·····················································································.220
8.1 结构体 ·····························································································.220
8.1.1 结构体的定义、引用和初始化 ·······················································.220
8.1.2 结构体数组和结构体指针 ·····························································.227
8.1.3 结构体与函数 ···········································································.230
实训21 结构体的应用 ········································································.233
8.2 链表 ································································································.234
8.2.1 链表的概念 ··············································································.234
8.2.2 链表的实现 ··············································································.235
8.2.3 链表的操作 ··············································································.238
8.3 共用体类型和枚举类型 ········································································.242
8.3.1 共用体类型的定义、使用和初始化 ·················································.242
8.3.2 枚举类型的定义、使用和初始化 ····················································.244
8.4 类型定义 ··························································································.245
课程设计4 学生管理程序 ·········································································.246
本章小结 ································································································.251
习题8 ····································································································.251
第9 章 文件 ·································································································.256
9.1 文件类型指针 ····················································································.258
9.2 文件的打开与关闭 ··············································································.259
9.3 文件的读/写操作 ················································································.261
实训22 文件加密程序的实现及文件的读/写操作 ······································.264
9.4 文件定位与出错检测 ···········································································.269
9.4.1 文件定位函数——fseek()函数 ·······················································.269
9.4.2 出错检测函数——ferror()函数 ·······················································.269
9.5 其他文件函数 ····················································································.270
实训23 文件定位操作 ········································································.271
课程设计5 学生管理程序（文件版本） ························································.273
本章小结 ································································································.278
习题9 ····································································································.279
第10 章 实训项目 ·························································································.281
10.1 趣味程序 ························································································.281
10.1.1 移动的心 ················································································.281
10.1.2 彩色文字 ················································································.284
10.1.3 五子棋 ···················································································.285
10.1.4 姓名大作战 ·············································································.289
10.2 密码管理系统 ··················································································.291
10.2.1 系统基本需求 ··········································································.291
10.2.2 结构设计 ················································································.295
10.2.3 功能函数的实现 ·······································································.296
10.2.4 项目总结 ················································································.301
附录A 常用字符与标准ASCII 码的对照表 ··························································.302
附录B 运算符的优先级和结合性 ······································································.304
附录C 常用库函数 ························································································.306