第1章 绪论·································································································1
1.1 前言···································································································2
1.2 海上监视雷达·······················································································2
1.3 海表面································································································3
1.4 海杂波特性··························································································4
1.5 海杂波建模··························································································5
1.5.1 基于电磁散射的物理建模································································6
1.5.2 基于海杂波观测的经验建模·····························································7
1.6 数据集································································································7
1.6.1 Ingara X波段数据集·······································································7
1.6.2 CSIR X波段数据集········································································8
1.7 本书结构·····························································································8
参考文献····································································································9
第2章 单基地海杂波···················································································11
2.1 概述··································································································12
2.2 平均后向散射······················································································13
2.2.1 异常传播····················································································15
2.2.2 多径散射····················································································16
2.2.3 GO-SSA平均后向散射模型····························································19
2.3 幅度分布····························································································21
2.3.1 分布模型····················································································24
2.3.2 拟合案例····················································································30
2.3.3 等效形状参数关系········································································31
2.4 海尖峰特性·························································································32
2.5 多普勒特性·························································································35
2.5.1 相干幅度统计特性········································································37
2.5.2 平均多普勒谱··············································································39
2.5.3 时变且随距离变化的谱··································································40
2.6 纹理相关性·························································································43
参考文献···································································································45
第3章 双基地海杂波···················································································50
3.1 概述··································································································51
3.2 双基地几何结构···················································································51
3.3 有源双基地雷达···················································································54
3.3.1 海杂波测量·················································································54
3.3.2 平面内反射系数测量·····································································56
3.3.3 平面外反射系数测量·····································································57
3.3.4 幅度统计特性··············································································59
3.3.5 相关性·······················································································60
3.3.6 多普勒谱····················································································61
3.3.7 海尖峰·······················································································63
3.4 无源双基地雷达···················································································64
3.4.1 海杂波测量·················································································65
3.4.2 数据处理····················································································68
3.4.3 时延/多普勒域的幅度统计特性·······················································70
3.4.4 时域幅度统计特性和相关性····························································71
3.4.5 多普勒谱····················································································75
3.4.6 总结··························································································77
3.5 关于双基地海杂波的讨论·······································································78
参考文献···································································································78
第4章 参数化建模······················································································81
4.1 概述··································································································82
4.2 单基地平均后向散射·············································································82
4.2.1 英国皇家雷达研究院（RRE）模型···················································83
4.2.2 Sittrop模型·················································································83
4.2.3 佐治亚理工学院（GIT）模型··························································84
4.2.4 混合（Hybrid）模型·····································································85
4.2.5 技术服务公司（TSC）模型····························································86
4.2.6 Masuko模型················································································87
4.2.7 Ingara成像雷达系统集团（IRSG）模型············································88
4.2.8 美国海军研究实验室（NRL）模型···················································90
4.2.9 澳大利亚国防科技集团（DSTG）平均后向散射连续模型······················90
4.3 双基地平均反射系数·············································································93
4.3.1 平面内散射·················································································93
4.3.2 平面外散射·················································································96
4.4 K分布形状参数····················································································96
4.4.1 小擦地角模型··············································································97
4.4.2 DSTG连续形状参数模型·······························································98
4.5 多普勒谱··························································································101
4.5.1 平均多普勒谱模型······································································101
4.5.2 时域去相关模型·········································································104
4.5.3 演化多普勒谱模型······································································104
4.6 空间相关性·······················································································112
参考文献·································································································114
第5章 海杂波仿真····················································································117
5.1 概述································································································118
5.2 均匀多普勒谱····················································································118
5.3 演化多普勒谱····················································································122
5.3.1 频域仿真··················································································122
5.3.2 时域仿真··················································································124
5.3.3 多相位中心···············································································125
5.3.4 扫描雷达场景············································································126
5.3.5 仿真案例··················································································128
5.4 其他仿真算法····················································································132
5.4.1 空时有限杂波（STLC）模型························································132
5.4.2 复合G2模型·············································································135
5.4.3 算法比较··················································································137
5.4.4 总结························································································146
参考文献·································································································146
第6章 性能预测建模·················································································149
6.1 概述································································································150
6.2 雷达距离方程····················································································151
6.3 非相干处理·······················································································153
6.3.1 恒定目标··················································································155
6.3.2 起伏目标··················································································156
6.3.3 复合杂波··················································································157
6.3.4 相关回波··················································································158
6.4 相干处理··························································································161
6.4.1 多普勒滤波···············································································162
6.4.2 自适应处理···············································································164
6.5 端到端雷达性能评估···········································································167
6.5.1 雷达性能案例············································································168
6.5.2 仿真性能预测············································································173
6.5.3 讨论························································································175
参考文献·································································································176
第7章 海上目标检测技术··········································································179
7.1 概述································································································180
7.2 非相干检测·······················································································181
7.2.1 杂波统计特性············································································181
7.2.2 恒虚警概率检测器······································································184
7.2.3 空间相关杂波背景下CA-CFAR的检测性能·····································186
7.2.4 扫描间处理···············································································187
7.2.5 其他方法··················································································189
7.3 Pareto CFAR检测器············································································190
7.3.1 Pareto Ⅰ型变换CFAR································································191
7.3.2 Pareto Ⅰ型完全充分统计量··························································191
7.3.3 Pareto Ⅱ型变换CFAR································································192
7.3.4 Pareto Ⅱ型贝叶斯CFAR·····························································193
7.3.5 检测结果··················································································194
7.3.6 总结························································································197
7.4 相干检测··························································································197
7.4.1 多通道雷达···············································································197
7.4.2 相干检测策略············································································199
7.4.3 预多普勒白化············································································199
7.4.4 后多普勒检测············································································201
7.4.5 后多普勒白化············································································201
7.4.6 基于模型的检测·········································································202
7.4.7 多普勒谱混叠············································································203
7.5 非均匀环境下的检测···········································································204
7.5.1 单一数据集检测器······································································204
7.5.2 固定尺度混合············································································205
7.5.3 可变尺度混合············································································206
7.5.4 纹理估计和归一化混合································································206
7.5.5 检测结果··················································································207
参考文献·································································································210
第8章 目标检测的新方法··········································································214
8.1 时间/频率目标分离·············································································215
8.1.1 子带分解与重构·········································································216
8.1.2 子带选取··················································································218
8.1.3 检测性能··················································································220
8.1.4 总结和展望···············································································222
8.2 稀疏信号分离····················································································222
8.2.1 调谐Q小波变换········································································223
8.2.2 短时傅里叶变换·········································································223
8.2.3 检测方法··················································································226
8.2.4 检测性能··················································································230
8.2.5 总结和展望···············································································232
8.3 字典学习··························································································232
8.3.1 字典学习技术············································································233
8.3.2 性能评估··················································································234
8.3.3 检测性能··················································································236
8.3.4 总结和展望···············································································237
8.4 检测前跟踪·······················································································238
8.4.1 数学模型··················································································238
8.4.2 检测滤波前的伯努利跟踪·····························································240
8.4.3 仿真细节··················································································241
8.4.4 检测和跟踪性能·········································································242
8.4.5 总结和展望···············································································244
参考文献·································································································245
附录A 拟合优度指标·················································································250
A.1 卡方检验··························································································251
A.2 Kolmogorov-Smirnov（KS）检验···························································251
A.3 Bhattacharyya距离··············································································251
A.4 阈值误差··························································································252
参考文献·································································································252
附录B 演化多普勒谱的双峰参数································································253
附录C 大气和降水损失·············································································260