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纺织应用英语 
定 价：39 元 丛书名：纺织高职高专“十二五”部委级规划教材
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《纺织应用英语》一书集纺织专业技术英语和纺织外贸英语于一体，与纺织生产、经营实际紧密结合，专业技术涉及纤维、纺纱、机织、组织与面料、非织造布、针织、染整、检测等内容，纺织外贸包括企业介绍、外贸函电、单证、合同、外贸术语以及外贸对话等内容。具有图文化、案例化、模板化、简明化的特点，讲究实用，配有词汇、注释、练习项目，适合自学、易于理解，更便于读者在实际工作中举一反三地遵循应用。即使大学英语四级水平以下的读者也可方便地阅读学习。
《纺织应用英语》一书作为高职高专院校教材，也可供纺织生产、进出口贸易一线的从业人员学习与参考。
《纺织应用英语》一书集纺织专业技术英语和纺织外贸英语于一体，与纺织生产、经营实际紧密结合，专业技术涉及纤维、纺纱、机织、组织与面料、非织造布、针织、染整、检测等内容，纺织外贸包括企业介绍、外贸函电、单证、合同、外贸术语以及外贸对话等内容。具有图文化、案例化、模板化、简明化的特点，讲究实用，配有词汇、注释、练习项目，适合自学、易于理解，更便于读者在实际工作中举一反三地遵循应用。即使大学英语四级水平以下的读者也可方便地阅读学习。本书作为高职高专院校教材，也可供纺织生产、进出口贸易一线的从业人员学习与参考。
前言 前言
本教材立足于工作任务引领教学模式，基于后国家级示范院校建设的教学实践，本着“源自企业、服务企业、面向高职学生、面向企业技术和从事外贸的工作人员、面向现代纺织技术和纺织贸易、讲求实用、淡化学术”的宗旨，对学生未来参与的生产、经营岗位工作任务进行归类、分解、细化后组织教材内容，各个篇章由工作目标（Working Objective）、典型工作任务(Task)组成，下设实践单元(Practice Unit)、词汇(New Words and Expressions)、注释（Notes）、练习(Exercise)等内容。素材、案例、图片很多来自企业生产和贸易一线以及纺织展会，部分取材于欧美原版教材，也汲取了国内相关教材的长处。本书的特色：“简明扼要、图文并茂、便于理解、易于遵循”，即“纺织技术图文化以便于理解与掌握；纺织贸易函电、单证模板化、图表化、实例化以便于在未来工作中遵循”。全书内容分为纺织生产和纺织进出口贸易两大板块，纺织生产包括：纺织纤维、纺纱、织造、面料、非织造布、针织、染整、检测内容；纺织进出口贸易包括公司介绍、函电、单证、合同、相关术语、口语对话与交流内容，附有企业的实际合同、单证便于提供真实的工作、学习情境，便于初始工作中遵循、模仿、提高实用性。教学课时安排中，可根据不同的专业方向有所侧重。江苏工程职业技术学院洪杰负责编写第一章之任务2-5及全章统稿、第二章之任务3中1-3、5单元；陈和春负责编写第三章之任务5及全章统稿；隋全侠负责编写第四章任务1-4及全章统稿；吉利梅负责编写第五章及统稿；黄旭负责第六章编写及统稿；陈桂香负责编写第七章之任务1和任务2中1-5单元及该章统稿；佟昀负责编写第二章任务1-2、第三章任务1-4、第四章任务5-6、第七章任务2单元8及第八章，并进行全书统稿；陕西工业职业技术学院冯秋玲负责编写第七章任务2之单元6-7；常州纺织服装职业技术学院朱红编写第一章之任务1，第二章任务3之单元4。 另，江苏工业职业技术学院蔡永东、姜生、周祥、马顺彬、周媛、莫靖昱等以不同方式为本书编写提供了宝贵的素材，并以自己长期、丰富的专业英语教学经验对本书编写的理念和体例起到了重要影响作用。国际关系学院外语学院教授梁晓晖博士仔细审阅了本书，并提出了中肯宝贵的意见，这里一并致谢。由于编者水平有限，缺点错误在所难免，恳请广大读者批评指正。 编者 2014年6月
佟昀，江苏工程职业技术学院纺织学院副教授，从事纺织英语专业教学多年，积累了丰富的经验。已出版的《机织试验与设备实训》被评为“十二五”国家级规划教材。
Chapter 1Textile Fibers纤维篇
Task 1Common textile fibers’ classification常见纺织纤维分类 Task 2To describe the natural cellulosic fibers描述天然纤维素纤维 General informationNatural cellulosic fibers天然纤维素纤维 Unit 1Cotton棉 Unit 2Flax亚麻 Unit 3Ramie苎麻 Unit 4Jute黄麻 Task 3To describe the properties of natural protein fibers描述天然蛋白质纤维 General informationNatural protein fibers天然蛋白质纤维 Unit 1Wool羊毛 Unit 2Specialty and fur fibers特种毛 Unit 3Silk丝 Extension of practice readingSpider silk蜘蛛丝 Task 4To describe the properties of various types of manmade fibers描述化学纤维 Chapter 1Textile Fibers纤维篇 Chapter 2Spinning纺纱篇 Chapter 3Weaving机织篇 Chapter 4Weaves & Fabrics组织和面料篇 Chapter 5Knitting针织篇 Chapter 6Dyeing and Finishing染整篇 Chapter 7Textile Testing 纺织检测篇 Chapter 8Textile International Trade纺织外贸篇 Bibliograph参考文献
Chapter1TextileFibers纤维篇
TheWorkingObjective Task1.Tobeabletoclassifythevarioustypesoftextilematerials Task2.TodescribethepropertiesofvarioustypesofnaturalcellulosicfibersTask3.TodescribethepropertiesofvarioustypesofnaturalproteinfibersTask4.TodescribethepropertiesofvarioustypesofmanmadefibersaswellasthenewfibersTask1Commontextilefibers’classification 常见纺织纤维分类Task2Todescribethenaturalcellulosicfibers 描述天然纤维素纤维纺织应用英语Chapter1TextileFibers纤维篇GeneralinformationNaturalcellulosicfibers天然纤维素纤维Beingderivedfromawidevarietyofplantsources,naturalcellulosicfibersareclassifiedintovarioustypes,eachpossessingdistinctivequalitiesorpropertiesthatdistinguishitfromothersandmakeitespeciallysuitableforcertainenduses.Thegeneralcharacteristicsofnaturalcellulosicfibersasaclassorgroupcanbesummarizedasfollows:PhysicalPropertiesThedensityofcellulosicfiberstendstoberelativelyhigh,whichmakesfabricswovenfromthesefibersfeelcomparativelyheavy.Asaresultoftheirhavingrelativelylowelasticityandresilience,theywrinkleeasilyanddonotrecoverfromwrinklingreadily.Absorbencyandmoistureregainaregenerallygood.Mostcellulosicfibersare,therefore,slowtodryafterwetting,comfortabletowear,andeasytodye.Cellulosicfibersaregoodconductorsofheatandelectricity.Asgoodconductorsofheat,theycarrywarmthawayfromthebodyandarefavoredforuseinhotweatherandwarmclimates.Sincetheyconductelectricity,cellulosicfibersneitherbuildupstaticelectricitynorproduceshockswhenworn.Cellulosicfiberstendtoburneasily,withaquickyellowflame,muchaspaper.Mostcellulosicfiberscan,however,withstandfairlyhighdryheatorironingtemperaturesbeforetheyscorch.ChemicalpropertiesChemicalpropertiesofcellulosicfibersincludegoodresistancetoalkalis.Excessivebleachingwillharmcellulosicfibers,althoughcarefullycontrolledbleachingislessdetrimental.Suchpropertiesasthewithstandingofhighwatertemperaturepermitlaunderingofcellulosicfiberswithstrongdetergent,controlledbleaching,andhotwatertemperatures.Theuniquecombinationofproperties—durability,lowcost,easywashability,andcomfort—hasmadecottonnotonlyamaterialdesirableforsummerclothes,workclothes,towels,andsheets,butalsoastandardforgreatmassesoftheworld’speoplewholiveinwarmandsubtropicalclimates.Eventhoughtheman-madefibershaveencroachedonthemarketsthatweredominatedby100percentcottonfibers,thecotton-lookisstillmaintainedandcottonformsupto65percentofthefibersinblendedfabrics.NewWordsandExpressionscellulosic纤维素的source来源，起源derive引出miscellaneous各种的summarize概述density密度，比重comparatively比较地elasticity弹性resilience弹力，回弹wrinkle折皱readily容易地absorbency吸水性recover回复comfortable舒服的withstand抵挡，经受住ironing熨烫shock电击scorch烫焦alkali碱bleach漂白detrimental损害的，有害的excessive过度的，过量的launder洗涤detergent洗涤剂，净洗剂washability易洗性subtropical亚热带的encroach侵入maintain保持，维持unique独特的，唯一的blend混合，混纺物dominate统治，控制wrinklerecovery折皱回复度enduse最终用途moistureregain回潮率Notes1.Beingderivedfromawidevarietyofplantsources…由于来自不同的植物源……2.classifyinto把……分类。3.…andthelike,eachpossessingdistinctivequalitiesorpropertiesthatdistinguishitfromothersandmakeitespeciallysuitableforcertainenduses.“……等等，每一种纤维都具有使自己与其他纤维相区别并使之特别适合于某些最终用途的品质或性能”。“andthelike”等等；like在这里是名词，需与定冠词the连用。eachpossessing…enduses系独立分词结构，逻辑主语为each,作状语，表示伴随情况。4.…muchaspaper:……这种情况与纸张（易于燃烧，烧着呈黄色的火焰）十分类似。muchas作“……几乎一样”解。接近于“justas”这是一个方式状语从句，much系副词作状语。paper后省略了“tendstoburneasily,withaquickyellowflame”。ExercisesPart1PutthefollowingexpressionsintoChinese1.distinguishitfromothersandmakeitespeciallysuitableforcertainenduses2.Absorbencyandmoistureregainaregenerallygood.3.Theycarrywarmthawayfromthebodyandarefavoredforuseinhotweatherandwarmclimates.4.withstandfairlyhighdryheatorironingtemperaturesbeforetheyscorch5.durability,lowcost,easywashability,andcomfortPart2Questions1.Whatarenaturalcellulosicfibersclassifiedinto?2.Whatarethegeneralcharacteristicsofnaturalcellulosicfibers?3.Howabouttheburningconditionsofcellulosicfibers?4.Talkaboutthepropertiesofcottonfiber.Unit1Cotton棉Cottontodayisthemostusedtextilefiberintheworld.Itscurrentconsumptionmarketshareisapproximately56percentforallfibersusedforapparelandhomefurnishingsandsoldintheU.S.Itisgenerallyrecognizedthatmostconsumersprefercottonpersonalcareitemstothosecontainingsyntheticfibers.TheearliestevidenceofusingcottonisfromIndiaandthedateassignedtothisfabricis3000B.C.CottoncultivationfirstspreadfromIndiatoEgypt,ChinaandtheSouthPacific.EventhoughcottonfiberhadbeenknownalreadyinSouthernAmerica,thelarge-scalecottoncultivationinNorthernAmericabeganinthe16thcenturywiththearrivalofcoloniststosouthernpartsoftoday’sUnitedStates.Withthisnewtechnology,itwaspossibletoproducemorecottonfiber,whichresultedinbigchangesinthespinningandweavingindustry,especiallyinEngland.Cottonsaregenerallyclassifiedaccordingtotheirlength:⑴SeaIslandcotton⑵Uplandcotton⑶Egyptiancotton.Cotton,asanaturalcellulosicfiber,hasalotofcharacteristics,suchas:Comfortablesofthand;Goodabsorbency;Colorretention;Printswell;Machine-washable;Dry-cleanable;Goodstrength;Easytohandleandsew.Cottonfiberappearsasalong,thin,irregular,convoluted(复杂的)andflattened(扁平的)tube.Thecrosssectionofamaturefibershowsathincuticle(表皮)andprimarywallontheoutsideandahollowcollapsed(塌陷的)cavity(空腔)inthecenterofthefiber(SeeinFig.1.1).Fig.1.1ObservationundermicroscopeThemoistureregain（回潮率）ofcottonisabout7.1%~8.5%andthemoistureabsorptionis7%~8%.Cottonisattackedbyhotdiluteorcoldconcentratedacid（酸）ions（离子）.Coldweakacidsdonotaffectit.Thefibersshowexcellentresistancetoalkalis（碱）.Thecottonbuyerusuallyselectsspeciesandgradesofcottontoproducespecificyarns.Ifafabricsuchasapartwoolblanketistobeproduced,thecottonbuyerwillselectPeruvian,China,orIndiancottonswhichhaveaharsh,rough,wool-likehandle.Whereextremelyfinetexture,silknessandgreatstrengtharedesired,thecottonbuyermaychooseSeaIslandstapleorEgyptiancotton.Duringthepast200years,cottonshaveevolvedhybridizationtobecometheindustrialcottonstoday.InthePracticeUnitedStates,theyarecloselyrelatedtoSeaIslandcottonwhichcameintoprominencealongthecoastofSouthCarolinaandtotheEgyptian-typespecieswhichgainedpopularityofitshigh-qualityfiberforuseinthefinecounts.American-growncottonsaredividedintogradesaccordingtolengthofstaple,uniformity,strength,color,cleanlinessandflexibility.ThesearecomparedwithastandardsuppliedbytheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgriculture.Acottonmilloftenaveragesupthevariousgradesofcottontoproduceafairlyuniformyarn.AllnormalcottonfibershaveasoftcreamytintandsomeofthelongstaplefibersliketheEgyptiancotton,aremorecreamyincolorthantheUplandandtheSeaIslandcotton.Cottonisnevertrulywhiteandthenatureofthepigmentresponsibleforthecolorisreallynotknown.NewWordsandExpressionsapproximately近似convoluted复杂的convoluted复杂的flattened(扁平的)collapsed塌陷的cavity空腔moistureregain回潮率acid酸alkalis碱Peruvian秘鲁harsh粗糙的rough毛糙的，粗糙的desire要求，愿望evolve进化yarn纱线count支数，号数fabric织物blanket毛毯handle手感texture织物质地silkness像丝绸一样的SeaIslandstaple海岛棉hybridization杂交staple短纤维pigment色素，颜料uniformity均匀度flexibility柔软度Notes1.speciesandgradesofcotton:不同种类和等级的棉花。2.harsh,roughwool-likehandle:像羊毛一样粗糙的手感。3.finestructure:织物细密的质地。4.comeintoprominence：占主要地位。5.fineco ……
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