《英语词汇学引论（第4版）》是高等学校英语专业教材；是大学英语课课教师和非英语专业的本科生、研究生、英语自学者等学习英语词汇学理论，理解、运用、掌握英语词汇，扩大英语词汇量，提高英语语言实践能力的参考书。
《英语词汇学引论（第4版）》语词汇为研究对象，着重论述英语词汇的来源、发展、现状及其研究方 法；分析英语词的结构、类型、意义、理据、相互关系、语义的变化方式、过程及用法；研究英语和美国英语的差异；还对英语习语的特点、分类、语义以及英语词内的发展和使用都作了较详尽的阐述，并提供了大量的例证。
采用历时和共时分析的研究方法，讲述了许多英语词汇的有趣故事，论述了词义的历时演变和同源词的比较，并对大量例词指出了产生的年代。
对英语新词语的定义、时间划分标准、大小分类及其出现的年代都作了明确的界定，并用简单的英语解释新词的含义。
英语构词法分类独特，例证丰富，配上大量新词.对扩大英语词汇量起到了指导作用。
增加了英语常用习语15种表达法，其中还有未曾学过的新习语，并注明其含义。
增加了英语词语搭配一章。对词语搭配的定义、重要性及其分类作了详尽的阐述，并通过大量实例进行剖析，在必要的地方还配了中文解释，起到了一部小型英语词语搭配词典的作用。
阐述了词典的新定义。增加了21世纪初（2001年到2006年间）5部英美国家出版的英语学习词典的评介。
附录2介绍了著名词汇学家、语言学家Pa…ckHanks主编的《词汇学：语言学中的关键概念》一书于2006年在英国出版的最新信息：它是一部迄今为止最全面的词汇学巨著，全书共6卷，2768页，值得推荐。
《英语词汇学引论（第4版）》内容新颖，材料翔实，反映了21世纪初英语语言词汇的新发展。
《英语词汇学引论（第4版）》语言通俗易懂，理论联系实际，融趣味性、科学性、思想性为一体，是一本英语专业学生、英语自学者、研究生可读性强的教材和英语教师的教学参考书。
英语词汇学是研究英语语言词汇的一门重要学科。当前，高等学校的本科生、研究生，在比较熟悉英语语音、语法的情况下，学习和研究英语词汇就显得更加重要，更加迫切。
《英语词汇学引论》，是高等学校英语专业教材；是大学英语课（即公共英语课）教师和非英语专业的本科生、研究生，英语自学者及翻译工作者学习英语词汇学理论，理解、运用、掌握英语词汇，扩大英语词汇量，提高英语语言实践能力的参考书。
本书共八章。以现代语言学理论作为指导，以英语词汇为研究对象，着重论述英语词汇的来源、发展、现状及其研究方法；分析英语词的结构、类型、意义、理据、相互关系、语义的变化方式、过程及用法；研究英国英语和美国英语的差异；还对英语习语的特点、分类、语义以及英语词典的发展和使用都作了较详尽的阐述，并提供了大量的例证。
本书承北京外国语学院、北京第二外国语学院、北京师范大学、北京外交学院、复旦大学、上海外国语学院、上海师范大学、洛阳外国语学院、大连外国语学院、南京大学、四川大学和武汉大学12所院校，16位专家、教授参加审稿，并提出宝贵的意见和建议。北京外国语学院刘世沐教授代表高等学校外语专业教材编审委员会主持并指导了审稿工作。北京师范大学张韵斐教授和北京第二外国语学院周锡卿教授担任主审。武汉大学英文系主任潘耀琼教授，在整个编写过程中，给予热情的指导和帮助。武汉大学许海兰教授和美国专家PeterRoss对本书的语言文字进行了润饰和加工。编著者在此一并表示衷心感谢。
限于编者水平，书中谬误定属不少，敬请广大读者指正，不胜感谢。
Chapter 1 Language，Linguistics and Lexicology
1-1-1 Introductory Remarks
1-1-2 A Definition of Language
1-1-3 Language，Society and Thought
1-2-1 A Definition of Li.nguistics
1-2-2 The Scope of Linguistics
1-3-1 What Is Lexicology？
1-3-2 Aims and Significance of the Course of English Lexicology
1-3-3 The Connection of Lexicology with Other Branches of Linguistics
1-3-4 Two Approaches to the Study of English Lexicology
Chapter 2 The Sources of the English Vocabulary
2-1-1 What is Etymology？
2-1-2 The English People and the English Language
2-1-3 The Position and Character of the English Language in the Indo-European Family
2-1-4 The Divisions of the History Of the English Language
2-1-5 Some Characteristics of Old English
2-1-6 Some Characteristics of Middle English
2-1-7 Some Characteristics of Modern English
2-1-8 Etymological Twins in English
2-1-9 Some Combining Forms Used in Modem English
2-2-1 Words of Native Origin
2-2-2 Borrowed Words in the English Vocabulary
2-3-1 The Foreign Elements in the English Vocabulary
2-3-2 The Scandinavian Element in the English Vocabulary
2-3-3 The French Element in the English Vocabulary
2-3-4 The Latin Element in the English Vocabulary
2-3-5 The Greek Element in the English Vocabulary
2-3-6 The Influence of the Classical Elements upon the English Vocabulary
2-3-7 Other Foreign Elements in the English Vocabulary
2-3-8 The Interrelation Between the Native and Foreign Elements in the English Vocabulary
2-3-9 The Linguistic and Historical Origins of Some Common English Words
Chapter 3 Word Meaning and Semantic Relations
3-1-1 Some General Remarks on Semantics and Meaning
3-1-2 The Relationship Between Meaning and the Object
3-2-1 What Is a Word？
3-2-2 Meaning and Motivation
3-3-1 Classifications of Words
3-3-2 Main Types of Word Meaning
3-3-3 Word Meaning and Context
3-4-1 Synonyms
3-4-2 Antonyms
3-4-3 Polysemy and Homonymy
3-4-4 Hyponymy
Chapter 4 The Changing English Vocabulary
4-1-1 The Constant Change in Language and the Continuous Appearance of Neologisms
4-1-2 The Definition of Neologisms or New Words
4-1-3 The Rate of Changes of the English Vocabulary
4-1-4 The Sources of New Words
4-1-5 The Formation of Neologisms
4-2-1 Archaisms
4-3-1 Changes in Meaning
4-3-2 Four Tendencies in Semantic Changes
4-3-3 Semantic Changes from the Literal Use of Words to Their Figurative Use
Chapter 5 Word-formation in English
5-1-1 Introduction
5-1-2 Morphological Structure of Words
5-1-3 Two Types of Morphemes
5-1-4 Three Types of Words
5-1-5 Root，Base，Stem
5-2-1 The Main Processes of English Word-formation
5-2-2 The Minor Processes of English Word-formation
Chapter 6 English Idioms
6-1-1 Introduction
6-1-2 The Definition of Idioms
6-1-3 The Significance of Studying English Idioms
6-1-4 The Features of English Idioms
6-1-5 English Idioms in Different Styles
6-1-6 The Difference Between Idiomatic and Free Phrases
6-2-1 Classifications of English Idioms
6-2-2 Some Useful Language Areas of Idioms
Chapter 7 English Collocations
7-1-1 Introduction
7-1-2 What Is a Collocation？
7-1-3 The Importance of Learning English Collocations
7-2-1 The Classification of English Collocations
7-2-2 Register Used in English Collocations
7-3-1 Some Commonest Words Used in English Collocations.
7-4-1 Different Subjects of English Collocations
7-4-2 Families
7-4-3 Houses，Flats and Rooms
7-4-4 Food and Drink
7-4-5 Study and Learning
7-4-6 Fitness and Illness
7-4-7 Job and Work
7-4-8 Computers
7-4-9 Sport
7-4-10 Time
Chapter 8 British and American English
8-1-1 English as a Language of Worldwide Use
8-1-2 British and American English
8-1-3 The Historical Background of American English
8-2-1 Differences between British English and American English
8-2-2 Differences in Individual Sounds
8-2-3 Differences in Stress
8-2-4 Differences in Spelling
8-2-5 Differences in Vocabulary
8-2-6 Differences in Grammar
8-3-1 A Comparison Between Websters Pronunciation Symbols （WPS） and International Phonetic Alphabet （IPA）
8-3-2 British and American English in the Future
Chapter 9 English Dictionaries and How to Use Them
9-1-1 What Is a Dictionary？
9-1-2 Characteristics of Dictionaries
9-2-1 Types of Dictionaries
9-2-2 Monolingual，Bilingual and Mulfilingual Dictionaries
9-2-3 General and Special Dictionaries
9-2-4 Pocket，Medium-sized and Unabridged Dictionaries
9-2-5 Synchronic and Diachronic Dictionaries
9-2-6 Encyclopedias and Encyclopedic Dictionaries
9-2-7 The Printed and Electronic Dictionaries
9-3-1 The History of English Dictionaries
9-3-2 A Brief Introduction of Five Newest English Dictionaries
9-3-3 Five Periods in the History of English Dictionaries
9-4-1 How to Use English Dictionaries
Appendix 1
An English-Chinese List of Technical Terms of Lexicology Used in This Book
Appendix 2
The Review of a Newest Book
Bibliography
2-1-8 Etymological Twins in English
In the course of the development of the English vocabulary we may findthat there are a few pairs of words which came from the same languagesource. At the beginning of the formation of words they were similar notonly in form but also in meaning. As time went by their senses becamedivergent， especiaUy today. AcCording to the linguistic phenomenon we callthese pairs of words etymological twins or etymological variants in English.
Let us take six pairs of words for example.
human and humane：
The word human used as an adjective in the 14th century was derivedfrom the Middle French word humain， also from the Latin word h~m~nus.The meaning is of or belonging to man， and the stress is on the firstsyllable. Now it has two meanings： one is of or characteristic of man; theother is having or showing the better qualities of man; kind; good.
The word humane was also used as an adjective in the 15th century. Atthat time~ the word meant of or belonging to man. Later， in the 18thcentury， the word meant kind， merciful.The stress is on the secondsyllable. Now it has two meanings： one is having or showing sympathy，kindness and understanding， the other is （of areas of learning） tending tocivilize. urban and urbane：
The word urban used as an adjective came from the Latin word urbanusin 1619. The meaning is of or pertaining to a city or city life， and the
This part is chiefly based on Chambers Dictionary of Etymology. New York：Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd.， 20011 and Websters Word Histories. Springfield，MA： Merriam-Webster.
The present meanings of the examples given are quoted from Oxford AdvancedLearners English-Chinese Dictionary（ Extended Fourth Edition）. Beijings The Commercial Press and Oxford University Press， 2002.
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