《心理学与生活》是一部心理学经典教科书，心理学导论类教材的典范之作，在美国及许多国家的心理学界都有着很高的知名度。美国ETS 将《心理学与生活》推荐为GRE 心理学专项考试的主要参考书。开创这本书的作者菲利普·津巴多是当今世界首屈一指的心理学家，曾因其卓越的斯坦福监狱实验而闻名世界，更因撰写《心理学与生活》和主持电视系列片《探索心理学》而被誉为“当代心理学的声音和面孔”。
我国心理学界有不少教师多年来一直在用本书英文版作为教学用书。怀着对我国心理学基础教育和普及的使命感，北京大学心理学系19位教授通力合作，每人根据自己的研究专长和兴趣各选取一部分，精心翻译。正如王垒教授所言：“这部教材的翻译是北大心理学系教授们集体智慧和团队凝聚力的结晶。”《心理学与生活》第16 版中译本在国内出版的十年来，累计发行50 余万册，赢得了广大心理学师生及普通读者的喜爱和认可。她不仅伴随着很多心理学专业的学生走上了心理学的学习和职业发展之路，而且也帮助众多普通读者获得了宝贵的心理学知识。
《心理学与生活》首版于20 世纪50 年代，半个多世纪以来，不断与时俱进，迄今已修订19 次。每次修订既力图反映心理学新近的研究进展，也保持其一贯的宗旨，即“心理学是一门科学，同时关注这门科学在生活中的应用”，可谓历久弥坚，历久弥新。本书为《心理学与生活》第19 版的影印版，较之第18版已经有了大幅的修订，全书精简为16 章，更新了研究范围和650多篇参考文献，新增了“生活中的心理学”与“生活中的批判性思维”两个专栏及一些教学专栏。
正如作者所言：“心理学是一门与人类幸福密切相关的科学”，本书贴近生活、深入实践的独特风格，使其一直是一般大众了解心理学、更好地理解人性和全面提升自身素质的推荐读物。
作者形象地将学习《心理学与生活》的过程比喻成一次“智慧的旅行”，选择她，相信你一定不虚此行。祝您好运！
选择《心理学与生活》（英文版，第19版）的N个理由：1．经典理论与新近研究成果的完美结合。与第18版相比，全书精简为16章，增加了650余处研究资料，新增“生活中的批判性思维”专栏以及便于自学的教学专栏。近十年来心理学发展迅猛，日新月异，近来的研究成果和趋势都反映在《心理学与生活》第19版之中。2．心理学基础教材典范之作。《心理学与生活》首版于20世纪50年代，在全世界许多国家的心理学界都有着很高的知名度，是斯坦福大学等美国700多所院校使用的经典教材，被ETS推荐为GRE心理学专项考试的主要参考书。3. 享有盛誉的、绝搭的作者团队。开创《心理学与生活》的作者菲利普·津巴多是当代著名社会心理学家，因其卓越的斯坦福监狱实验而闻名于世，曾担任美国心理学会主席，被公认为“当代心理学的声音和面孔”。“认知革命”无疑是当代心理学的主流，而擅长认知心理学的理查德·格里格的加入则是对津巴多社会心理学专长的重要补充。4. 原汁原味呈现原著精华。相比中译本，英文原版完整地保留和呈现原书的精髓，让你更准确地认识和理解心理学这门学科，而且其语言简练，逻辑性强，既学习了专业知识，也锻炼了语言能力。5．权威学术机构推荐。本书被教育部高等学校心理学教学指导委员会推荐为普通心理学的引进版教材，北京大学、清华大学等国内数百所高校将《心理学与生活》作为普通心理学课程的专用教材或参考读物。6．贴近生活与实践。《心理学与生活》生动流畅，通俗易懂，图文并茂，将心理学理论和知识与人们的日常生活联系起来，是一般大众了解心理学、更好地理解人性和全面提升自身素质的推荐读物。7．读者好评如潮。2003年《心理学与生活》第16版首次在国内出版中译本，十年来累计发行50余万册。《心理学与生活》在豆瓣上的近万条评价中一半以上为五星，还有着近千条书评和书摘，深受读者喜爱。在三大网店中有着一万多条的评论。
1 PSYCHOLOGY AND LIFE 1
2 RESEARCHMETHODS IN PSYCHOLOGY 22
STATISTICAL SUPPLEMENT 44
3 THEBIOLOGICAL AND EVOLUTIONARY BASES OF BEHAVIOR 52
4 SENSATIONAND PERCEPTION 90
5 MIND,CONSCIOUSNESS, AND ALTERNATE STATES 135
6 LEARNINGAND BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS 163
7 MEMORY195
8 COGNITIVEPROCESSES 232
9 INTELLIGENCEAND INTELLIGENCE ASSESSMENT 270
10 HUMANDEVELOPMENT ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN 297
11 MOTIVATION339
12 EMOTION,STRESS, AND HEALTH 369
13 UNDERSTANDINGHUMAN PERSONALITY 406
14 PSYCHOLOGICALDISORDERS 441
15 THERAPIESFOR PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS 477
16 SOCIALPSYCHOLOGY
WHY ARE SOME PEOPLE SHY?
Surveys reveal that more than 50 percent ofcollege students considerthemselves to be “currently shy”(Carducci &Zimbardo, 1995). Most of them say that shyness is an undesirable condition thathas negative personaland social consequences.Another group of students say thatthey are “situationally shy.” They feel “shy” in certain situations that are novel,awkward, or socially pressured, such as blind dates, singles bars, or being puton the spot to perform in public without preparation. Researchers investigatingshyness in adults were surprised to discover that it is the “not shy” personwho is the rare, unusual breed in the United States and in every other country surveyed(Zimbardo, 1991).
Shyness may be defined as an individual’s discomfort and/orinhibition in interpersonal situations that interferes with pursuing one’sinterpersonal or professional goals. Shyness can be the mild reticence andsocial awkwardness many people feel in new situations, but it can escalate intothe extreme of a totally inhibiting fear of people (we will discuss this socialphobia in Chapter 14). Many shy people are also introverted; they prefersolitary, nonsocial activities. Others are “shy extraverts,” publicly outgoingyet privately shy, preferring to engage in social activities, having the socialskills to do so effectively, yet doubting that others will really like orrespect them (Pilkonis & Zimbardo, 1979).
So why are some people shy and others are not? One explanation maybe nature. Research evidence suggests that about 10 percent of infants are“born shy” (Kagan, 1994). From birth, these children are unusually cautious andreserved when they interact with unfamiliar people or situations. Acomplementary explanation focuses on nurture. As children, some individuals areridiculed, laughed at, or singled out for public shame; others grow up infamilies that make “being
loved” contingent on competitive success inappearance and performance.
A third explanation focuses on culture. Shyness is highest in some Asiancountries, notably Japan and Taiwan, and lowest in Israel, among nine countriesstudied (Zimbardo, 1991). This difference is attributed in part to culturalemphases on shame for social failure and obedience to authority in these Asiancountries versus encouragement for taking risks and externalizing blame inIsrael (Pines & Zimbardo, 1978). A fourth explanation accounts, in part,for a recent rise in reported prevalence of shyness in the United States: Youngpeople are intensively involved with
electronic technology. Spending long hours,typically alone, watching TV, playing video games, surfing the Web, and doinge-mail is socially isolating and reduces daily face-to-face contact. Heavy useof the Internet has the potential to make people feel lonely, isolated, andshyer (Shaw & Black, 2008).
As shyness gets more extreme, it intrudes on ever more aspects of one’slife to minimize social pleasures and maximize social discomfort and isolation.There are some simple concepts and tactics we suggest for shy students to thinkabout and try out (Zimbardo, 1991):
Realize that you are not alone in yourshyness; every person you see is more like you than different from you in hisor her shyness.
Shyness can be modified, even when thereis a genetic component, but it takes dedication
and a resolve to change, as with anylong-standing habit you want to break.
Practice smiling and making eye contactwith most people you meet.
Talk up; speak in a loud, clear voice,especially when giving your name or asking for information.
Be the first to ask a question or make acomment in a new social situation. Be prepared with something interesting to sayand say it first; everyone appreciates an “ice breaker.”
Never put yourself down. Instead, thinkabout what you can do next time to gain the outcome you want.
Focus on making others feel comfortable, especiallysearching out those other shy people. Doing so lowers your self-consciousness.
If you are shy, we hope you will adopt these suggestions. Other studentswho have followed them have been released from the prison of shyness into a lifefilled with newfound liberties.
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