Wang Qian±àÖøµÄ¡¶A REPORT ON CO2 UTILIZATION TECHNOLOGIES ASSESSMENT IN CHINA(The Administrative Center for China's Agenda21)(Ó¢ÎÄ°æ)¡·½éÉÜÁË£¬Climate change is one of the most serious challenges facing the world today, affecting thesurvival and development of human being. Tackling climate change serves the moninterest of the world and has a bearing on China's future development and Chinese people'swellbeing. The ever-increasing pressure for emissions reduction domestically andinternationally has significantly affected energy security, economic development and liveli-hood improvement in China. Among the technologies that can reduce greenhouse gas emis-sions, Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is an emerging one that has the potential toachieve the large-scale use of fossil fuels in a low-carbon manner.

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CONTENTS
Abstract
12-1Overview
1.1CO2 Utilization Technologies and Classification12
1.2Development of CO2 Utilization Technologies around the World14
1.3Development of CO2 Utilization Technologies in China17
1.4Significance of CO2 Utilization Technologies for China22
1.5Assessment Purpose and Methodology for CO2 Utilization Technologies25
1.6Overall Framework of the Assessment Report32
References31
32-2Potential and Benefits
2.1Emission Reduction Potential of CO2 Utilization Technologies32
2.2Benefits of CO2 Utilization Technologies37
2.3Utilization Technologies to Increase Energy Production and Efficiency42
2.4Enhanced Recovery of Mineral Resource and Utilization Technologies43
2.5Utilization Technologies for the Synthesis of OrganicChemicals44
2.6Increased Biological and Agricultural Production and Utilization Technologies45
2.7Utilization Technology for Inorganic Chemicals and Materials Synthesis46
2.8Summary47
References47
49-3CO2 Geological Utilization
3.1CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery49
3.2CO2ª²Enhanced Coalbed Methane59
3.3CO2ª²Enhanced Natural Gas Recovery70
3.4CO2ª²Enhanced Shale Gas Recovery78
3.5CO2ª²Enhanced Geothermal System88
3.6CO2ª²Enhanced Uranium Leaching99
3.7CO2ª²Enhanced Water Recovery105
References120
129-4CO2 Chemical Utilization
4.1CO2 Reforming of Methane to Synthesis Gas £¨CO2ª²CDR£©130
4.2CO2 to Liquid Fuels via Carbon Monoxide £¨CO2ª²CTL£©133
4.3CO2 to Methanol £¨CO2ª²CTM£©138
4.4Organic Carbonate Synthesis Technology with CO2£¨CO2ª²CTD£©142
4.5CO2 to Formic Acid £¨CO2ª²CTF£©144
4.6CO2 to Polymers £¨CO2ª²CTP£©146
4.7CO2 to Isocyanate/Polyurethane £¨CO2ª²CTU£© 152
4.8CO2 to Polycarbonate £¨CO2ª²CTPC£©157
4.9CO2 Utilization by £¨Indirect£© Steel Slag Carbonation£¨CO2ª²SCU and CO2ª²ISCU£©163
4.10CO2 Utilization by Phosphogypsum Carbonation£¨CO2ª²PCU£©169
4.11CO2 Mineralization with Potassium Feldspar£¨CO2ª²PCM£©174
4.12Summary of Chemical Utilization of CO2178
References179
188-5CO2 Bioª²utilization
5.1The Technology of CO2 Sequestration by Algae for Producing Biofuel and Chemical188
5.2Technology of CO2 Sequestration with Algal Biofertilizer194
5.3Technology of CO2 Sequestration by Algae for Producing Food and Feed Supplements198
5.4Technology of Using CO2 as Gas Fertilizer202
5.5Conclusions208
References209
212-6Development Expectations and Policy Recommendations
6.1Expectations for Technological Development212
6.2Comprehensive Comparison of Technologies216
6.3Policy Recommendations226
6.4Summary and Outlook228
229Appendix ¢ñAssessment Methods for CO2 Technologies
237Appendix ¢òEvaluation of CO2 Utilization