报告全面综述分析2015年度国际科学研究前沿进展，展望研判国际重要科学领域研究发展趋势，报道介绍我国科学家具有代表性的重要研究成果，观察综述国际主要科技领域研究进展及科技战略规划与研究布局，概括介绍我国科学研究整体发展状况，并向国家提出有关中国科学的发展战略和政策咨询建议，为国家宏观科学决策提供重要依据。

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目录
创造未来的科技发展新趋势（代序）白春礼i
前言中国科学院“科学发展报告”课题组vii
第一章科学展望1
1.1等离子体物理发展展望李建刚朱少平李儒新等3
1.2引力波探测和引力本质研究
21世纪基础科学的革命性突破吴岳良15
1.3精准医学发展展望金力杨忠徐萍等32
第二章科学前沿43
2.1宇宙线起源的天文学前沿问题刘四明45
2.2X射线自由电子激光现状与未来发展赵振堂王东陈建辉5l
2.3新型二维石墨块碳材料研究进展李玉良61
2.4聚合物太阳电池的相关研究进展及未来挑战侯剑辉68
2.5锂空气电池技术研究进展与展望徐吉静张新波李泓74
2.6肿瘤免疫治疗研究前沿进展与展望刘洋曹雪涛79
2.7常见精神障碍的分子遗传学研究进展张于亚楠岳伟华86
2.8近期青藏高原冰川变化及其影响姚檀栋杨威余武生等94
2.9中微子振荡：新物理的突破口2015年诺贝尔物理学奖评述一曹俊101
2.10DNA修复与基因组稳定性2015年诺贝尔化学奖评述一孔道春106
2.11抗击寄生虫病的里程碑2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖评述一刘满俞强111
第三章2015年中国科研代表性成果117
3.1逻辑系统的代数状态空间理论一程代展齐洪胜刘挺119
3.2发现宇宙早期黑洞质量最大的超亮类星体．吴学兵124
3.3外尔半金属及外尔费米子的理论预言与实验发现翁红明戴希方忠128
3.4丰质子核22Mg和23Al的双质子发射实验测量马余刚方德清132
3.5铁电材料巾通量全闭合畴结构的发现马秀良137
3.6科学家实现多自由度量子体系隐形传态汪喜林刘乃乐陆朝阳等142
3.7二维超导中量子格里菲思奇异性的发现王健147
3.8硫醇分子的生物学功能认知取得重要进展——两个小分子硫醇通过代谢偶联主导林可霉素的牛物合成赵群飞王敏刘文151
3.9为绿色能源求解：人工合成光合作用水裂解催化中心张纯喜155
3.10表面分子分形结构研究进展吴凯王永锋159
3.11环内过氧桥键生物合成获得重要进展——a酬戊二酸依赖的单核非血红素铁酶催化的环内过氧桥键的形成张立新162
3.12解析细胞炎性坏死的关键分子机制石建金邵峰167
3.13NAIPNI．RC4炎症小体激活的分子机制胡泽汗柴继杰170
3.14CRISPRCas系统中外源DNA荻取的结构基础和分子机制王久宇王艳丽174
3.15神经环路精确化的竞争机制钙黏蛋白／环连蛋白复合物介导树突棘的协同修剪与成熟边文杰于翔177
3.16人类三维基因组学的研究进展及其精准医学意义朱菊芬李国亮阮一骏181
3.17共生菌调控货物分拣促进共生刘志华186
3.18E3泛素连接酶Nrdpl负向调节CD8+T细胞的活化陈涛涌曹雪涛189
3.19植物气体激素乙烯作用的新机制．李文阳马梦迪郭红卫192
3.20太平洋西边界流及其气候效应吴立新胡敦欣林霄沛等196
3.21地球内核内的核宋晓东201
3.22海洋驱动下冰架的变薄可加剧南极冰架的崩解和退缩程晓刘岩惠凤鸣204
3.23气候与地表覆盖对产水量作用的全球模式．周国逸209
3.24未来的巾国森林仍然是一个显著的碳汇方精云胡会峰212
第四章科技领域发展观察215
4.1基础前沿领域发展观察刘小平吕晓蓉黄龙光等217
4.2人口健康与医药领域发展观察徐萍许丽王碉等231
4.3生物科技领域发展观察陈云伟陈方丁陈君等243
4.4农业科技领域发展观察董瑜杨艳萍邢颖252
4.5环境科学领域发展观察曲建升廖琴曾静静等263
4.6地球科学领域发展观察张志强郑军卫赵纪东等272
4.7空问科学领域发展观察杨帆韩淋王海名等283
4.8信息科技领域发展观察房俊民王立娜唐川等294
4.9能源科技领域发展观察陈伟张军赵黛青等303
4.10材料制造领域发展观察万勇冯瑞华黄健等316
4.11重大研究基础设施领域发展观察李泽霞孙震冷伏海327
第五章中国科学发展概况337
5.12015午科技部基础研究管理工作进展傅小锋李非周平等339
5.22015年国家自然科学基金项目申请与资助情况．谢焕瑛346
5.3中国科学五年产出评估——基于WoS数据库论文的统计分析（2010～2014年）岳婷杨立英丁洁兰等353
第六章中国科学发展建议373
6.1改进我国科学评价体系，促进卓越科学研究中国科学院学部咨询评议工作委员会“全球化深入发展下的科学价值评估”咨询课题组375
6.2关于设立国家生命伦理委员会的建议中国科学院学部“生命医学伦理研究与生命科学前沿的发展”咨询课题组381
6.3加强信息与生命交叉学科研究，促进信息科学与医学生命科学融合创新发展中国科学院学部“信息与生命交叉学科研究与对策”咨询课题组386
6.4全面推进我国湖泊与湿地保护的战略对策与建议中国科学院学部“中国水安全保障的战略与对策”重大咨询课题组394
附录399
附录一2015年巾国与世界十大科技进展401
附录二2015年中国科学院、中国工程院新当选院士名单412
附录三香山科学会议2015年学术讨论会一览表418
附录四2015年中国科学院学部“科学与技术前沿论坛”一览表421
CONTENTS
New Trends of Science and Technology: Shaping the Future i
Introduction vii
Chapter 1An Outlook on Science
1.1Prospects of Plasma Physics 14
1.2 Gravitational Wave Detection and Study on the Nature of Gravitys -Revolutionary Breakthrough of Basic Science in 2lst Century 31
1.3 Prccision Mcdicinc: A Ncw Emcrging Mcdical Modcl 41
Chapter 2Frontiers in Sciences 43
2.1 The Origin of Cosmic Rays 50
2.2Xray Freeelectron I)asers: Status and Perspectives59
2.3Advances and Progresses of Novel Two Dimensional Graphdiyne Based Carbon Materials67
2.4Challenges and Recent Progress of Polymer Solar Cells 73
2.5Advances and Prospects of Lithium-Air Batteries Research78
2.6The Current and Future of Cancer Immunotherapy 85
2.7Progress of Genetic Research on Common Psychiatric Disorders93
2.8The Status of Glacier Changes on the Tibetan Plateau99
2.9Neutrino Oscillation: A Gateway to New Physics-Commentary on the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics105
2.10DNA Repair and Genomic Stability-Commentary on the 2015 Novel Prize in Chemistrv 110
2.11The Milestone of AntiParasitic Disease-Commentary on the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 116
Chapter 3Representative Achievements of Chinese Scientific Research in 2015117
3.1The Algebraic State Space Theory of Logical Systems 123
3.2Discovery of an Ultra-Luminous Quasar with the most MassiveBlack Hole in the Early Universe 127
3.3Theoretical Prediction and Experimental Discovery of Weyl Semimetal and Weyl Fermion 131
3.4Experimental Studies of Two-Proton Emission from Proton-RichNuclei Mg and AI136
3.5Discovery of Full Flux-closures in Ferroelectrics141
3.6Quantum Teleportation of Multiple Degrees of Freedom of a SinglePhoton146
3.7Discovcry of Quantum Griffiths Singularity in Two-Dimcnsional Superconductors150
3.8Progrcss in Undcrstanding the Biological Functions of Small-MolcculcThiols: Their Metabolic Coupling Programs the Biosynthesis ofLincomycin A154
3.9Solve for Clean Energy: Mimic the Catalytic Center for WaterSplittingRcaction in Photosynthcsis158
3.10Assembling Molecular Sierpinski Triangle Fractals 161
3.11Endoperoxide Formation by an aKetoglutarate Dependent Mononuclear Non-Haem Iron Enzyme 166
3.12Revealing the Key Mechanism for Inflammatory Cell Death169
3.13 Structural Insights into the Activation Mechanism of NAIPNLRC4 Inflammasome 173
3.14Structural and Mechanistic Basis of PAMDependent Spacer Acquisition in CRISPR-Cas Systems176
3.15A Competition-Based Mechanism for Neural Circuit Refinement :Cadherin/Catenin Complex Mediates Coordinated Spine Pruning and Maturation180
3.16 3D Genomics and Precision Medicine 185
3.17Intestinal Homeostasis and Health 188
3.18K33-Linkcd Polyubiquitination of 2ap70 by Nrdpl Controls CD8T Cell Activation191
3.19New Action Mode of Plant Gaseous Hormone Ethylene 195
3.20Pacific Western Boundary Currents and Their Roles in Climate 200
3.21 The Core Within the Earth's Inner Core 203
3.220cean-Driven Thinning Enhances Iceberg Calving and Retreat of Antarctic Ice Shelves 208
3.23Global Pattern for the Effect of Climate and Land Cover on WaterYield211
3.24A Significant Carbon Sinks in China's Forests in the near Future 214
Chapter 4Observations on Development of Science and Technology215
4.1Development Scan of Basic Sciences and Frontiers 230
4.2Dcvclopmcnt Scan of Public Hcalth Scicncc and Tcchnology242
4.3Progress in Biological Science 251
4.4Progress in Agricultural Science and Technology262
4.5Development Scan of Environment Science 271
4.6Development Scan of Earth Science 282
4.7Progress in Space Science293
4.8 Progress in Information Science and Technology 302
4.9Development Scan of Energy Science and Technology315
4.10Progress in Advanced Materials and Manufacturing 326
4.11 Progress in Major Research Infrastructure Science andTechnology 336
Chapter 5A Brief of Science Development in China337
5.1 Annual Rcvicw of the Dcpartmcnt of Basic Rcscarch of Ministry of Science and Technology in 2015 345
5.2Projccts Grantcd by National Natural Scicncc Fund in 2015 352
5.3The Evaluation of Academic Production in China -Based on WoS Database (201020lil)371
Chapter 6Suggestions on Science Development in China373
6.1 Improving Science Assessment System, Promoting Excellence in Scientific Research380
6.2 Suggestion of Establishment of National Bioethics Advisory
6.3 Strengthening Interdisciplinary Research of Information Science and Life Science and Promoting its Convergence and Integrated
6.4 Strategic Policy and Suggestions for Promotion of Lake and Wetland Protection of China 398
Appendix 399
1.2015's Top 10 S&-T Advances in China and World 401
2.List of the Newly Elected CAS and CAE Members in 2015 412
3.Overview of Xiangshan Science Conference Academic Meetings in 2015 418
4.List of Fora on Frontiers of Science& Technology by Academic Divisions of CAS in 2015 421