本书系统介绍数据科学的核心概念、基本方法和关键技术，内容涵盖数据科学的导向目标，涉及科学计算、数据处理和分析、数据可视化等关键知识环节。本书基于 Python 技术框架实现，内容注重理论和实践的有机融合，克服单调、晦涩的知识累积之苦，以问题为导向，学以致用，提供了大量的案例代码和样本数据集，可以为学习者平添几分学习的乐趣。本书既适用于高等院校“数据科学与大数据技术”专业人才的基础培养，也适用于信息处理相关专业人才的能力提升，能够为数据科学从业者和相关学科的科研工作者提供必要的技术支撑。

马学强，汉族，1970年10月出生，山东寿光人，中共党员，2015年6月毕业于山东师范大学管理工程与工业工程专业，获工学博士学位。现为山东师范大学信息科学与工程学院副教授。 主要从事虚拟植物模型、进化计算的理论与应用研究。参与国家级、省级课题多项，主持省级和校级教学改革项目多项；在EI检索及其它国内外著名学术期刊及国际会议上发表论文10多篇；获得山东省科技进步一等奖1项（第6位）、山东省计算机应用优秀成果一等奖1项（第5位），山东省高等教育教学成果一等奖1项（第3位）。

目 录
第 1 章 数据科学概述 ··················································································1
1.1 什么是数据科学？ ············································································1
1.2 大数据技术·····················································································6
1.3 数据未来·····················································································.20
第 2 章 Python 基础··················································································.23
2.1 编程环境与规范············································································.23
2.2 数据类型、数据载体及运算 ····························································.25
2.3 序列结构·····················································································.30
2.4 程序流程控制···············································································.38
2.5 函数···························································································.40
2.6 字符串························································································.45
2.7 文件操作·····················································································.50
2.8 面向对象程序设计·········································································.51
第 3 章 科学计算—— Numpy······································································.57
3.1 计算基础·····················································································.58
3.1.1 什么是科学计算？ ·······························································.58
3.1.2 Numpy 基础········································································.62
3.2 数组的创建与访问·········································································.65
3.2.1 创建数组 ···········································································.66
3.2.2 数组的访问 ········································································.72
3.3 数组的基本操作············································································.74
3.4 数组的基本运算············································································.85
3.5 矩阵基础及运算············································································112
3.6 Numpy 的简单应用········································································127
第 4 章 数据处理和分析—— Pandas ·····························································135
4.1 数据结构·····················································································136
4.1.1 常用数据结构 ·····································································136
4.1.2 数据类型 ···········································································137
4.1.3 数据类型的简单使用 ····························································138
4.1.4 系列的基本使用 ··································································140.VI·
4.1.5 数据帧的基本使用 ·······························································145
4.2 数据加载与文件格式······································································154
4.2.1 Pandas 的 I/O 功能································································155
4.2.2 数据读写与文件格式 ····························································158
4.3 数据清洗与预处理·········································································184
4.3.1 检测与处理缺失值 ·······························································185
4.3.2 检测和处理重复值 ·······························································192
4.3.3 检测和处理异常值 ·······························································197
4.3.4 数据转换 ···········································································201
4.3.5 数据匹配 ···········································································213
4.3.6 数据标准化 ········································································218
4.4 数据处理与分析············································································221
4.4.1 层次化索引 ········································································222
4.4.2 数据连接与合并 ··································································234
4.4.3 数据聚合与分组运算 ····························································245
4.5 时间序列分析···············································································261
4.5.1 时间序列基础 ·····································································261
4.5.2 时间戳（ Timestamp） ···························································265
4.5.3 时区（ Timezone） ·······························································274
4.5.4 时期（ Period） ····································································277
4.5.5 时间差（ Timedelta） ····························································283
4.5.6 时间序列重构 ·····································································285
4.6 Pandas 高级应用 ···········································································302
4.6.1 分类数据 ···········································································302
4.6.2 链式编程技术 ·····································································310
第 5 章 数据可视化—— Matplotlib·······························································315
5.1 绘图基础·····················································································315
5.2 二维图形可视化············································································328
5.3 三维图形可视化············································································354
5.4 使用动画·····················································································365
5.4.1 使用 Animation 模块创建动画 ·················································365
5.4.2 使用 OpenGL 创建动画 ·························································373
5.5 复杂网络结构可视化······································································379
5.5.1 网络可视化基础 ··································································380
5.5.2 网络图的生成 ·····································································385
5.5.3 网络图的绘制 ·····································································387